Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol commonly used as a low-calorie sweetener in various food and pharmaceutical products.
It is naturally found in small quantities in fruits and vegetables such as plums, strawberries, and cauliflower.
Its anticariogenic properties, making it effective in preventing dental caries by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and promoting the remineralization of tooth enamel.
Xylitol has a negligible effect on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, making it a suitable sweetener for individuals with diabetes.
It also exhibits prebiotic effects, which can help reduce blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels.
Xylitol has been used to prevent otitis media and rhinosinusitis due to its anti-adhesive effects on microorganisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.
It has shown potential in preventing respiratory tract infections and reducing inflammation.
Despite its benefits, excessive consumption of xylitol can lead to gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome.
Its use may be associated with higher cardiovascular risks.