Secondary AML could result from an antecedent hematological process: myelodysplastic syndromes, or myeloproliferative neoplasm, or rarely, and non-malignant disorder, such as aplastic anemia.
Treatment related AML relates to exposure to alkylating agents and or topoisomerase II inhibitors and/or ionizing radiation.
Other agents implicated in secondary AML include anti-metabolites, or anti-tubulin agents.