Neutrophilia is leukocytosis of neutrophils, that is, a high number of neutrophils in the blood.
Neutrophilia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count that is more than two standard deviations above the mean value for normal adults=approximately 7.5×10 to the 9th per liter.
Neutrophils are the primary white blood cells that respond to a bacterial infection.
The most common cause of neutrophilia is a bacterial infection, especially pyogenic infections.
Neutrophils are also increased in any acute inflammation: myocardial infarction, other infarcts or burns.
Some drugs: prednisone, adrenaline cause marginated neutrophils to enter the blood stream.
A neutrophilia might also be the result of a malignancy: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML or chronic myeloid leukemia).
Neutrophilia can also be caused by appendicitis and splenectomy.
The term left shift refers to the presence of increased proportions of younger, less well differentiated neutrophils and neutrophil-precursor cells in the blood, reflecting early release of myeloid cells from the bone marrow.
Leukemoid reaction is a severe neutrophilia with left shift.
The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score, refers to the amount of alkaline phosphatase per neutrophil.
The LAP will increase in a severe infection, and when toxic granulation changes happen to the neutrophils
Chronic neutrophilia is a common reactive manifestation of various systemic disorders.
After excluding secondary causes, workup for primary neutrophilic disorders, such as myeloproliferative neoplasms and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative overlap syndromes should be pursued.
Reactive, secondary, causes of neutrophilia include chronic infection, inflammatory disorders, solid tumors, asplenia, medication such as glucocorticoids, lithium, smoking, obesity, and pregnancy.
Reactive, secondary, causes of neutrophilia include chronic infection, inflammatory disorders, solid tumors, asplenia, medication such as glucocorticoids, lithium, smoking, obesity, and pregnancy.
Neutrophilia is generally mild in splenectomy eyes the patients, active smokers, obese individuals, and pregnant women.