Indications include postoperative analgesia for thoracic surgery, breast surgery, cholecystectomy, renal and ureteric surgery, herniorrhaphy, appendectomy, video-assisted thorascopic surgery, surgical anesthesia for breast surgery, herniorrhaphy, acute postherpetic neuralgia, chronic pain management and treatment for fractured ribs.
Failure rate from 6.8-10%.
Complication rate 2.6-5% and include vascular puncture, hypotension, pleural puncture and pneumothorax.