A medication used to treat nausea, schizophrenia, migraines, and anxiety.
It is a less pref2242ed medication for anxiety.
It may be taken by mouth, rectally, injection into a vein, or muscle.
Pregnancy category C US.
Protein binding 91–99%.
Mainly hepatic (CYP2D6 and/or CYP3A4) metabolism.
Elimination half-like 4–8 hours
Excretion is Biliary, with metabolites in urine
Common side effects include: sleepiness, blurry vision, low blood pressure, and dizziness.
Serious side effects may include movement disorders including tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding – generally not recommended.
It is a typical antipsychotic which is believed to work by affecting levels of dopamine in the brain.
It is used to prevent vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy and in the pre- and postoperative setting.
IV prochlorperazine is also used to treat migraine in acute outpatient settings, and in emergency rooms.
The extrapyramidal symptoms can affect 2% of people at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of people.
It can also cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) with high fever, stiff muscles, neck muscle spasm, confusion, irregular pulse or blood pressure, fast tachycardia, sweating, and arrhythmias.
Symptoms of withdrawal commonly include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, restlessness, increased sweating, and trouble sleeping, feeling of the world spinning, numbness, or muscle pains.
Withdrawal symptoms generally resolve after a short period of time.
Rarely tardive dyskinesia can occur when the medication is stopped.
It is thought to exert its antipsychotic effects by blocking dopamine receptors.
It is analogous to chlorpromazine; both of these agents antagonize dopaminergic D2 receptors in various pathways of the central nervous system.
The D2 blockade results in antipsychotic, antiemetic and other effects.
Hyperprolactinemia is a side effect of dopamine antagonists.
Blockade of D2 receptors within the tuberoinfundibular pathway result in increased plasma levels of prolactin due to increased secretion by lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary.
Its antiemetic action is evident within 5 to 10 minutes after injection and lasts for 3 to 4 hours.
Rapid action can be achieved with buccal treatment.
With oral dosing, the start of action is delayed.
Oral dosing duration is approximately 6 hours.
Available as tablets, suppositories, and in an injectable form.