Risk factors include frequent episodes of otitis media and day care center attendance in children younger than 2 years.
Young children, elderly persons and black persons of all ages are disproportionately affected by invasive Pneumococcal disease.
Invasive disease 50-100 times more common in HIV infected patients.
Risk factors in HIV patients include lowered CD4+ cell count, history of AIDS associated opportunistic infection or previous pneumococcal infection.
Alcoholism, recent hospitalization and black race associated with increased risk in HIV+ patients.