Approximately 42% of adults in the US and obesity, will the body mess index of 30 or greater.
Obesity related cancers accounts for 40% of all cancers in the US.
Obesity is associated with multiple types of cancer including: postmenopausal breast, endometrial, ovarian, esophageal adenocarcinoma, gallbladder, gastric cardia, colorectal, renal cell, liver, pancreas, thyroid, meningioma, multiple myeloma- referred to as obesity associated cancers.
Obesity promotes and accelerates cancer by multiple mechanisms: increasing circulating adipokines, insulin and insulin growth factor, circulating estrogens, inflammatory cytokines, changes in the microbiome, and epigenetic changes.
Obesity may contribute to cancer through insulin resistance and abnormalities of insulin growth factor 1 signaling, resulting in increase cell proliferation, chronic low-grade, inflammation, alterations in adipokine physiology, and cellular and vascular perturbations that promote oncogenesis.
Bariatric surgery results in a significant weight loss, 25 to 30%, and durable weight loss providing an opportunity to assess the relationship between weight loss and cancer risk, including both incident cases and mortality.
In a matched observational cohort study at 10 years there was a significant reduction in the cumulative incidence of obesity associated cancer in a bariatric surgery group, at 2.9%, compared with a non-surgical control group, at 4.9% (Aminian A).
In the above study bariatric surgery was also associated with a lower cumulative incidence of all types of cancer in 10 years, and a significant reduction in cancer related mortality.