Analyze tissues measuring the expression of several thousand mRNA species simultaneously by transcriptional profiling.
Can be used to screen for individuals genes that are differently expressed between normal and disease tissues.
Uses gene-specific probes that represents thousands of individual genes.
Probes are arrayed on an inert substrate and gene expression in a target biological sample are assayed.
Consists of a series of thousands of microscopic spots of DNA oligonucleotides, each containing a specific DNA sequence.
Thousands of sequences are placed in known locations on a glass slide, silicon chip, or other surface a sample containing DNA or RNA is deposited on the slide, sometimes ref2242ed to as a gene chip-the binding of complementary base pairs from the sample and sequences on the chip are measured by fluorescence to detect the specific sequences in the sample. The RNA is extracted form tissues and are labeled with a detectable marker such as a fluorescent dye and allowed to hybridize to the arrays.
Extracted messenger RNA is copied in an enzymatic reaction using a reverse transcriptase and labeled nucleotides generating cDNA.
Multiple array platforms can be used depending on the probes utilized-short-oligonucleotides, long-oligonucleotides, cDNA, the production method, or labeling method.
Labeled complementary DNA applied to the surface of a microarray and incubated and hybridizes to the microarray spot representing their respective genes.
Following hybridization the array is washed and scanned with a fluorescence microscope with quantification of fluorescence at each microarray spot.
Identifies genetic markers used for precise diagnosis of disease and can subclassify tumors into homogenous entities based on gene expression identifies genetic markers used for precise diagnosis of disease and can subclassify tumors into homogenous entities based on gene expression profiles.
Can distinguish renal transplant acute rejection, nephrotoxic effects of drugs, infection, chronic allografts nephropathy and normal kidney findings from renal biopsies.