The diet restricts carbohydrate intake to less than 25-50 g per day in attempt to enhance tissues to use fat or ketones as fuel during caloric restriction.
A ketogenic diet challenges the dogma that meat intake should be reduced and reverses the dietary macronutrient profile with fat and protein as major macronutrients instead of carbohydrates.
A KD diet promotes the production of ketone bodies from fatty acids, typically through very low carbohydrate (approximately 5% calories), high fat approximately, 75% calories, and moderate protein approximately 20% of caloric intake.
Most calories obtained in a KD diet are obtained from meat, dairy, fish, oils, and eggs, with some nuts, seeds, and non-starchy vegetables.
In the classic or most strict version of a ketogenic diet a ratio of four to one exists in which less than 5% of energy is derived from carbohydrates, whereas in the most relaxed option, the ratio is one to one with approximately 10% of energy from carbohydrates.
The standard western diet contains greater than 250 g per day of carbohydrates while a ketogenic diet has fewer than 40 g of carbohydrates per day.
A low carbohydrate diet usually has modest carbohydrate reductions of less than 26% of calories or fewer than 100 to 130 g per day.
A medical diet that comes with serious risks.
A keto plan centers on fat, which supplies as much as 90% of daily calories.
Ketogenic diet is typically recommend only 5% of calories from carbohydrates, along with 75% from fat and 20% for protein.
The ketogenic diet is used to treat drug-resistant childhood epilepsy.
It has become a fad diet for people attempting to lose weight.
Dieters trying this often do not achieve true ketosis as this requires extreme carbohydrate restriction, and maintaining a ketogenic diet is difficult.
High-quality research shows no long-term weight loss advantage to a ketogenic diet over a low fat diet.
May lead to weight loss in the short term, weight-loss is similar to what is achieved with other dietary approaches over the long term.
Side effects of the ketogenic diet can be constipation, tiredness and after a long term diet, and in one out of 20 patients, kidney stones.
However at the one year mark there was greater weight regain seen in the ketogenic group at 12.4% compared with the low-calorie group of 1.4%.
Ketogenic diet may improve blood glucose in the short term in patients with type two diabetes, but there is inconclusive evidence that it is superior to other weight loss regimens in the long term.
There is a lack of data about long-term safety, and low-carbohydrate intake may be associated with increased mortality.
Regular consumption of a self-reported diet low in carbohydrates and high in fat was associated with increased levels of LDL cholesterol and a higher risk of heart disease.
Some diet advocates make misleading claims that the ketogenic diet can treat or prevent cancer.
Ketogenic diet have been reported to significantly reduced body weight and fat mass and patience with cancer.
The anti-convulsant effect of a ketogenic diet is thought to occur through the stabilization of synaptic function and increased resistance to seizures.
Other mechanisms include CNS carbohydratereduction, and glycolysis inhibition, alteration in neuronal excitability by ATP sensitive potassium channels through alterations in mitochondrial function, inhibition of mTOR pathway and inhibition of glutamatergic synaptic transmission.
It is primarily used to help reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures in children.
A low carbohydrate, ketogenic diet reduces the frequency of seizures and children with drug resistant epilepsy.
Ketogenic diet, may also reduce seizure rates in adults with drug resistant epilepsy..
Instead of relying on glucose that comes from carbohydrates, such as grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits, the keto diet relies on ketone bodies, a type of fuel that the liver produces from stored fat.
Low carbohydrate intake results in the generation of ketone bodies, which are then used for the Krebs cycle.
It deprives one of carbohydrates, fewer than 20 to 50 grams of carbs per day.
It typically takes a few days to reach a state of ketosis.
Eating too much protein can interfere with ketosis.
It has a high fat requirement and followers must eat fat at each meal: a daily 2,000-calorie diet, that might have 165 grams of fat, 40 grams of carbs, and 75 grams of protein. However, the exact ratio depends on your particular needs.
Some healthy unsaturated fats are allowed on the keto diet — like nuts, seeds, avocados, tofu, and olive oil.
Saturated fats from oils, such as palm, coconut, lard, butter, and cocoa butter are encouraged in high amounts.
Most fruits, legumes, whole grains are off limits.
Long-term data on keto diets and cardiovascular, cancer another chronic disease risk are lacking.
Low carbohydrate diets have been linked to increased mortality.
Protein is part of the keto diet, but it doesn’t typically discriminate between lean protein foods and protein sources high in saturated fat such as beef, pork, and bacon.
Ketogenic diet has a beneficial impact on triglycerides and HDL cholesterol.
Ketogenic diet has numerous risks: increased saturated fat, increased LDL, deficiencies in micronutrients, including selenium, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamins B and C, increases liver fat.
The current recommended intake for protein averages 46 grams per day for women, and 56 grams for men, and this diet exceeds those levels.
The keto diet is low in fibrous foods like grains and legumes, and results in constipation.
Low-carb diets may cause confusion and irritability.
The ketogenic diet has benefits of improving glucose metabolism in patients with type two diabetes.
Diets such as Atkins or Paleo modify a true keto diet, but they come with the same risks.
The British Dietetic Association note that a medical ketogenic diet is a useful epilepsy treatment, but for weight loss named it one of the top 5 worst celeb diets to avoid in 2019.
Patients on this type of diet commonly experience fatigue, poor mental energy, increased hunger, sleep disturbance, muscle cramps, constipation, nausea, and stomach discomfort.
A diet which limits carbohydrate to 5% of total calories makes it difficult to obtain optimal amounts of antioxidants and phytonutrients from fruits and vegetables.
In the first two weeks of the diet near maybe significant increases in your production and fluid shifts that may require adjustment in medications for hypertension, heart failure and diabetes.
In an inpatient randomized trial of 20 healthy patients with a plant-based diet versus a ketogenic diet: The plant-based diet lead to significant less energy intake, but patients on the ketogenic diet lost more weight, and most of the weight loss was due to decreasing fat free(lean) mass, where is the plant-based diet had a significant decrease in fat mass.