Furosemide

A loop diuretic with bioavailability ranging from 10-90% with absorption decreasing in patients with severe congestive heart failure and associated gut edema.

Has erratic oral absorption, with a bioavailability of 11% to 90%.

The biological half-life of furosemide is limited by absorption from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream.

The apparent half-life of its excretion is higher than the apparent half-life of absorption via the oral route.

Therefore, furosemide taken intravenously is twice as potent as an equivalent dose taken orally.

Furosemide increases excretion of water by interfering with the chloride-binding cotransport system, which, in turn, inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle and distal renal tubule.

Furosemide

Sold under the brand name Lasix among others.

A. medication used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver insufficiency, or kidney disease.

Also be used for the treatment of hypertension.

It can be taken by intravenously, intramuscularly, or by mouth.

A loop diuretic that acts by inhibiting the luminal Na-K-Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, by binding to the chloride transport channel, thus causing sodium, chloride, and potassium loss in urine.

The action on the distal tubules is independent of any inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase or aldosterone

It abolishes the corticomedullary osmotic gradient and blocks negative, as well as positive, free water clearance.

Diuresis is not limited by development of acidosis, as it is with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

When taken orally, it typically begins working within an hour.

When given intravenously, it typically begins working within five minutes.

Pregnancy category US: C (Risk not ruled out).

Bioavailability 43–69%.

Metabolism liver and kidney glucuronidation.

Elimination half-life up to 100 minutes

Excretion renal 66%, biliary 33%.

Common side effects include: feeling lightheaded with standing, ringing in the ears, and sensitivity to light.

Potentially serious side effects include electrolyte abnormalities, low blood pressure, and hearing loss.

Works by decreasing the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys.

Primarily used for the treatment of edema, but also in some cases of hypertension, when there is also kidney or heart impairment.

A first-line agent in most people with edema caused by congestive heart failure.

Used for liver cirrhosis, kidney impairment, nephrotic syndrome, as adjunct therapy for swelling of the brain or lungs where rapid diuresis is required, and in the management of severe hypercalcemia in combination with adequate rehydration.

It is used along with albumin in nephrotic syndrome to reduce edema.

It is mainly excreted by tubular secretion in the kidney, and with kidney impairment, clearance is reduced, increasing the risk of adverse effects.

Lower initial doses are recommended in older patients, and high doses may be needed in kidney failure.

Diuresis is usually complete within 6–8 hours of oral administration.

Can lead to gout caused by hyperuricemia.

Hyperglycemia is also a common side effect.

The tendency to cause hypokalemia.

Other electrolyte abnormalities that can result from furosemide use include hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia.

Long-term use of furosemide can cause varying degrees of thiamine deficiency, so thiamine supplementation is also suggested.

It is considered ototoxic with large intravenous doses and rapid administration and in renal impairment.

Associated with sulfur allergy.