Deoxycholic acid
Kybella trade name
Deoxycholic acid, also known as deoxycholate.
A bile acid.
One of the secondary bile acids, which are metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria.
The two primary bile acids secreted by the liver are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.
Bacteria metabolize chenodeoxycholic acid into the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid.
Bacteria metabolize cholic acid into deoxycholic acid.
There are additional secondary bile acids as well: ursodeoxycholic acid.
Pregnancy category AU: B1
Deoxycholic acid is available as a generic medication.
Deoxycholic acid is used in the emulsification of fats for the absorption in the intestine.
It is in use to prevent and dissolve gallstones.
Sodium deoxycholate, the sodium salt of deoxycholic acid, is often used as a biological detergent to lyse cells and solubilize and isolatecellular and membrane components.
Sodium deoxycholate has been used as an alternative to surgical excision in the treatment of lipomas.
Sodium deoxycholate mixed with phosphatidylcholine, is used in mesotherapy injections to produce lipolysis: an alternative to surgical excision in the treatment of lipomas.
Deoxycholic acid, under the trade name Kybella, is approved for reducing moderate-to-severe fat below the chin.
Deoxycholic acid helps destroy fat cells when injected into submental fat,
Deoxycholate and other secondary bile acids may cause DNA damage and is a proposed cause of cancer.
Deoxycholate and other secondary bile acids cause DNA damage, by increasing intracellular production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species resulting in increased oxidative stress and DNA damage.
Such deoxycholic acid DNA damage has frequently been proposed as a major cause of cancer by causing mutations.
Higher levels of colonic deoxycholate are associated with higher frequencies of colon cancer.
Obesity has been linked to cancer in part through deoxycholate.
The link of Cancer by obesity is in part through deoxycholate.
In obese people, the relative proportion of Gram-positive bacteria in gut microbiota is increased resulting in greater conversion of the non-genotoxic primary bile acid, cholic acid, to carcinogenic deoxycholate.
Higher levels of colonic deoxycholate are associated with higher frequencies of colon cancer.
Fecal deoxycholate concentrations in African Americans is more than five times higher than fecal deoxycholate of Native Africans in South Africa, who eat a low fat diet.
Male African Americans have a high incidence of colon cancer of 72 per 100,000, while Native Africans in South Africa have a low incidence rate of colon cancer of less than 1 per 100,000, a more than 72-fold difference in rates of colon cancer due to disparity of fat in diet.
The level of deoxycholate in the colon relates to diet, obesity, and exercise.
The type or amount of protein in the diet may also affect bile acid levels.
Changing diet to a meat, egg and cheese based diet deoxycholate is increased in feces by 2-10 fold.
Adding a high protein to a high fat diet raises the level of deoxycholate in the plasma by almost 50%.
Exercise decreases deoxycholate in the colon.
In people whose level of physical activity placed them in the top third had a 17% decrease in fecal bile acid concentration compared to those whose level of physical activity placed them in the lowest third.
There is a positive association of exercise and physical activity with cancer prevention, tolerance to cancer-directed therapies of radiation and chemotherapy, reduction in recurrence, and improvement in survival.
Deoxycholic acid is involved in the natural healing processes of local inflammations, different types of herpes,and possibly cancer.