Trade names Dalvance
Routes of administration Intravenous
Elimination half-life 14.4 d
It is a second-generation lipoglycopeptide antibiotic medication.
Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide belonging in the same glycopeptide class as vancomycin.
Similar to other glycopeptides, it exerts its bactericidal effect by disrupting cell wall biosynthesis.
It prevents transpeptidation from occurring, preventing peptidoglycan elongation and cell wall formation.
Dalbavancin also dimerizes and anchors itself in the lipophilic bacterial membrane, thereby increasing its stability in the target environment and its affinity for peptidoglycan.
It belongs to the same class as vancomycin, the most widely used and one of the treatments available to people infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Dalbavancin is a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide that was designed to improve upon the natural glycopeptides vancomycin and teicoplanin.
Dalbavancin, sold under the brand names Dalvance.
It is a once-weekly, two-dose antibiotic.
Dalbavancin is approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, in intravenous dosage form.
Dalbavancin is a long-lasting antibiotic due to its prolonged half-life (14.4 d), high protein binding capacity, and intense tissue penetration.
Dalbavancin binds reversibly to plasma proteins at approximately 93%, allowing for sustained drug concentrations over time.
Dalbavancin demonstrates good tissue distribution, reaching therapeutic levels in skin structures, synovial fluid, and bone tissue within 24 hours after administration.
It has less frequent dosing requirements while maintaining efficacy.
Dalbavancin is an antibiotic used to treat acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) in adults caused by susceptible Gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Dalbavancin has strong activity against many Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus constellatus.
Dalbavancin is more potent and bactericidal and therefore requires lower concentrations than vancomycin against these organisms.
Dalbavancin also shows in vitro activity against vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.
Other Gram-positive organisms belonging to the Bacillus spp., Listeria spp., and Corynebacterium spp. may show in vitro susceptibility, and it may exhibit activity against enterococci expressing the VanB or VanC phenotype of acquired resistance against vancomycin.
There is no clinically significant activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
Hypersensitivity to dalbavancin can occur, causing issues such as skin reactions or anaphylaxis.
There is currently no data on cross-reactivity between dalbavancin and vancomycin.
The most common adverse reactions encountered in trials were nausea (5.5%), headache (4.7%), and diarrhea (4.4%), as well as rash (2.7%) and itchiness (2.1%).
Other less frequent but serious adverse reactions included hematologic disorders, hepatotoxicity, Clostridioides difficile colitis, bronchospasm, infusion-related reactions including Red Man Syndrome, and anaphylactic shock.
Dalbavancin is associated with higher rates of hemorrhagic events compared to comparator groups and should be a precaution in patients undergoing surgery or taking anticoagulants.
Patients on dalbavancin also had post-baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels that were 3 times the upper normal limit.
Dalbavancin is not ototoxic.
Dalbavancin does not appear to interact with cytochrome P450 substrates, inhibitors, or inducers.
The use of dalbavancin in pregnant women has not been studied sufficiently.
It should be used in nursing mothers only when the potential benefit exceeds the potential risk.
There is no evidence in animals of teratogenicity.
Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide belonging in the same glycopeptide class as vancomycin.
Dalbavancin exerts its bactericidal effect by disrupting cell wall biosynthesis.
It binds to the D-alanyl-D-alanyl residue on growing peptidoglycan chains and prevents transpeptidation from occurring, preventing peptidoglycan elongation and cell wall formation.
It also dimerizes and anchors itself in the lipophilic bacterial membrane, thereby increasing its stability in the target environment and its affinity for peptidoglycan.
Dalbavancin was found to exhibit efficacy comparable to vancomycin.
Elimination half-life 14.4 d.
Dalbavancin is a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide that was designed to improve upon the natural glycopeptides vancomycin and teicoplanin.
It possesses in vitro activity against a variety of Gram-positive pathogens including MRSA and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis.
It is approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) caused by certain susceptible bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, in intravenous dosage form.
Dalbavancin is considered a long-lasting antibiotic due to its prolonged half-life of 14.4 d, itshigh protein binding capacity, and intense tissue penetration.
It binds reversibly to plasma proteins at approximately 93%, allowing for sustained drug concentrations over time.
Dalbavancin has good tissue distribution, reaching therapeutic levels in skin structures, synovial fluid and bone tissue within 24 hours after administration.
The benefits of this long-lasting nature are less frequent dosing requirements while maintaining efficacy.
Can be used to treat acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) in adults caused by susceptible Gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
It has strong activity against many Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus constellatus.
Dalbavancin is more potent and bactericidal and therefore requires lower concentrations than vancomycin against these organisms.
It also shows in vitro activity against vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.
Other Gram-positive organisms belonging to the Bacillus spp., Listeria spp., and Corynebacterium spp. may show in vitro susceptibility, and dalbavancin may exhibit activity against enterococci expressing the VanB or VanC phenotype of acquired resistance against vancomycin.
There is no clinically significant activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
Hypersensitivity to dalbavancin can occur, causing issues such as skin reactions or anaphylaxis.
Caution is advised for patients with known hypersensitivity to other glycopeptides.
The most common adverse reactions encountered in Phase II and Phase III trials were nausea (5.5%), headache (4.7%), and diarrhea (4.4%), as well as rash (2.7%) and itchiness (2.1%).
Less frequent serious adverse reactions included hematologic disorders, hepatotoxicity, Clostridioides difficile colitis, bronchospasm, infusion-related reactions including Red Man Syndrome, and anaphylactic shock.
Dalbavancin is associated with higher rates of hemorrhagic events and should be a precaution in patients undergoing surgery or taking anticoagulants.
Patients on dalbavancin also had post-baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels that were 3 times the upper normal limit, some even having elevations 10 times the upper normal limit.
There is no evidence of ototoxicity associated with dalbavancin.
Dalbavancin does not appear to interact with cytochrome P450 substrates, inhibitors, or inducers.
The use of dalbavancin in pregnant women has not been studied.
Animal studies did not show embryo or fetal toxicity at doses that were 1.2 and 0.7 times the human dose, and delayed fetal maturation was observed at a dose that was 3.5 times the human dose.
It is unknown if it is excreted in human milk.
There is no evidence in animals of teratogenicity.
The metabolism of dalbavancin was minimally impacted by the human hepatic CYP450 system.
About 1,289 adults with acute skin infections were given dalbavancin or vancomycin randomly, and dalbavancin was found to exhibit efficacy comparable to vancomycin.
Dalbavancin is approved for medical use in the United States for acute skin infections, including MRSA and Streptococcus pyogenes infections.