RNA viruses that may cause hand, foot, and mouth disease.
Coxsackie virus is a member of the Picornaviridae family of viruses in the genus termed enterovirus.
Are subtype members of enterovirus that have a single strand of ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Enteroviruses are also ref2242ed to as picornaviruses.
Coxsackie viruses are separable into two groups, A and B.
Type A viruses cause herpangina which is painful blisters in the mouth, throat, hands or feet.
Coxsackie A 16 causes the majority of HFMD infections in the U.S.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is the common name of this viral infection.
Type A also causes conjunctivitis.
Type B viruses cause epidemic pleurodynia manifested with fever, lung, and abdominal pain and headache that lasts about two to 12 days and resolves.
There are six serotypes of Coxsackie B.
There are over 24 different serotypes.
Cause host cells to break lyse.
Usually occurs in children but can occur in adults.
Majority of infections are self-limited so no treatment is required.
Usually cause fever, malaise, rash, and small blisters that ulcerate.
Most frequent locations for the lesions are on the palms of the hand, soles of the feet, and in the mouth.
Usually resolves in about 10 days with no scarring, but Coxsackie virus may be shed for several weeks.
Infections are diagnosed by clinical features.
There is no specific treatment or vaccine available for Coxsackie virus infections.
Prevention of spread of the infection is to avoid direct contact with anyone infected, their stool, saliva, and blister fluid.
Hand washing and cleaning of items handled by patients are the best methods for prevention.
Coxsackievirus
A virus that belongs to a family of nonenveloped, linear, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, Picornaviridae and the genus Enterovirus, which also includes poliovirus and echovirus.
Enteroviruses are among the most common human pathogens.
Enteroviruses are transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
Coxsackieviruses share many characteristics with poliovirus. A nonpolio enterovirus.
Species: Human enterovirus A, B.
Coxsackieviruses are among the leading causes of aseptic meningitis.
The entry of coxsackievirus into cells, is mediated by Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor.
Coxsackieviruses are divided into group A and group B viruses.
In general, group A coxsackieviruses tend to infect the skin and mucous membranes, causing herpangina, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, and hand, foot, and mouth (HFM) disease.
Both group A and group B coxsackieviruses can cause nonspecific febrile illnesses, rashes, upper respiratory tract disease, and aseptic meningitis.
Group B coxsackieviruses tend to infect the heart, pleura, pancreas, and liver, causing pleurodynia, myocarditis, pericarditis, and hepatitis.
Coxsackie B infection of the heart can lead to pericardial effusion. Tw
The development of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) has recently been associated with recent enteroviral infection, particularly coxsackievirus B pancreatitis.
The coxsackieviruses found to cause a variety of infections, including epidemic pleurodynia.
Coxsackie viruses are subdivided into groups A and B based on their pathology in newborn mice.
Coxsackie A virus causes paralysis and death of the mice, with extensive skeletal muscle necrosis.
Coxsackie B causes less severe infection in the mice, but with damage to more organ systems, such as heart, brain, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscles