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Artificial pancreas

FDA approved Medtronic’s ‘artificial pancreas,’ the world’s first

The FDA approved Medtronic’s hybrid closed-loop system, the world’s first artificial pancreas.

The MiniMed 670G hybrid closed-loop system continuously measures glucose levels and delivers the appropriate dose of basal insulin.

It is indicated for people aged 14 or older with Type 1 diabetes and is intended to regulate insulin levels with little to no input from the patient.

The insulin pump that is strapped to the body, an infusion patch that delivers insulin via catheter from the pump and a sensor that measures glucose levels under the skin and can be worn for 7 days at a time.

Closed-loop insulin delivery, is an emerging therapeutic approach for people with type 1 diabetes.

Also referred to as the artificial pancreas.

It consists of a linked continuous glucose monitor and an insulin pump, with automated data transfer between components without the need for human intervention.

A sensor transmits information about interstitial glucose levels to a handheld device which holds a control algorithm and interacts with the user.

An insulin pump delivers a rapid-acting insulin analog subcutaneously.

Insulin delivery is modulated by the control algorithm.

Closed-loop systems can deliver insulin, or insulin plus glucagon or another hormone.

The communications are wireless.

The closed loop replicates the physiological feedback normally provided by the β-cell.

A hybrid closed-loop system significantly improves glycemic control in very young children with type one diabetes, without increasing periods of hypoglycemia.

A hybrid closed-loop system, which is also called an  artificial pancreas, in which an algorithm automatically adjusts insulin delivery on the basis of real time sensory glucose levels

Users must still manually request bolus insulin at mealtimes.

The closed-loop system uses an algorithm with a hypoglycemia safety module, automated correction boluses, overnight intensification of basal insulin delivery designed to target near-normal glycemia each morning.

In a random my six-month trial involving patients with type one diabetes, the closed-loop type in insulin system showed a greater percentage of time patients were in the targeted glycemic range, less hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia, and better glaciated hemoglobin levels than a sensor augmented pump (Brown SA).

Studies show that for each 10% reduction in the time spent in the glucose target range, the risk of development and progression to retinopathy increases by 64% and the risk of development of microalbuminuria by 40%.

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