Amino acid peptide secreted by adipocytes.
Regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and promotes a metabolic profile where is anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and insulin sensitizing
Expression reduced in obesity, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.
Inversely associated with blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels.
Adiponectin levels are reduced in obesity and insulin resistant states and increases in severe loss of weight.
Adipose tissue dysfunction also decreases secretion of the insulin-sensitizing adipokine adiponectin in people with NAFLD.
After two hours of cold exposure there is a 70% increase in circulating adiponectin in adult men.
Centenarians and their offspring have been found to have genetics that boost adiponectin levels.
Centenarians have higher circulating adiponectin levels suggesting a link between longevity and adiponectin production.
High concentrations of plasma adiponectin in centenarians is associated with favorable metabolic indicators: lower levels of C-reactive protein and E-selectin.
High levels associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction.
An endogenous insulin sensitizer.
Adiponectin has several properties that protect the liver: improves liver fat metabolism, decreased de novo lipogenesis, decreased glucose production in the liver, anti-inflammatory properties, and anti-fibrotic properties.
In contrast to leptin, circulating levels are decreased in obesity and diabetes.
Expressed in colonic tissue.
Acts in colon lesions to regulate cell growth by activating, altering or interacting with the leptin and NFkB pathways (Fenton).
Levels are inversely associated with risk of colorectal cancer.
Gene expression levels of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory protein produced by adipose tissue, are reduced in visceral adipose tissue in individuals who were obese as well as those with colon cancer.
Low levels of adiponectin have, in turn, been linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
Normal levels of adiponectin inhibit colorectal cancer cell growth.
Bioactive lipids released by brown adipose tissue stimulate glucose and fatty acid uptake in brown adipose tissue and muscle, thereby supporting ongoing thermogenesis.
Brown adipose tissue also releases micro RNA‘s that can regulate gene expression and other tissues such as the liver.