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Is a retention cyst of a tubule of the rete testis or the head of the epididymis distended with watery fluid that contains spermatozoa.
Most commonly occurs at the head of the epididymis, adjacent to this superior pole of the testis.
Small spermatoceles are relatively common, occurring in an estimated 30 percent of all men.
Spermatocele vary in size from several millimeters to many centimeters.
Generally not painful.
Some may experience discomfort from larger spermatoceles.
They are not malignant.
Not associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer.
Unlike varicoceles, they do not reduce fertility.
In rare cases may be associated with congenital renal cyst anomalies, because of the common embryonic mesodermal origin of the kidneys and epididymis.
Can originate as diverticulum from the tubules found in the head of the epididymis, and sperm formation gradually causes the diverticulum to increase in size, causing a spermatocele.
Spermatoceles are due to continuity between the epididymis and tunica vaginalis, from epididymitis, physical trauma, or vasectomy
Epididymis scarring can cause it to become obstructed and form a spermatocele.
Spermatoceles be found incidentally as scrotal masses found on physical examination, and may also be discovered by self-inspection of the scrotum and testicles.
It is a painless, cystic mass at the head of the epididymis.
It transilluminates and can be clearly differentiated from the testicle.
Ultrasonography of the scrotum can confirm the diagnosis
Small cysts are not treated, nor are larger cysts that are an asymptomatic condition.
If the cysts are causing discomfort and are enlarging in size, or the patient wants ot removed, a spermatocelectomy should be considered.
Spermatocelectomy can be performed on an outpatient basis, with the use of local or general anesthesia.
A spermatocelectomy will not improve fertility.