Phthates are a class of chemical compounds that are primarily used as plasticizers.
They are additives that increase the flexibility, transparency, and durability of plastics.
They are used to make plastic more durable and pliable, to help dissolve other materials and to serve fragrance stabilizers in consumer products.
They are widely used in various consumer products, including:
1. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics: Products made from phthalate-containing PVC include flooring, wall coverings, cables, and packaging materials, to make them more pliable
2. Personal care products: cosmetics, shampoos, hair sprays, and nail polishes to increase flexibility and prevent brittleness.
3. Toys and childcare products: plastic toys, teething rings, and other products intended for children to make the plastic more pliable and durable.
4. Medical devices: intravenous tubing and blood bags, to increase flexibility and durability.
Some phthalates have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues, endocrine disruption, and other health problems.
A number of these chemicals have been shown to be anti-androgenic, inhibiting testosterone production, with evidence of adverse effects on male and female reproduction, and increased risk of metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and diabetes.
Several phthalates, such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), have been banned or restricted.