Gentrification is the process of change in the character of a neighborhood through the influx of more affluent residents and investment.
It is a common and controversial topic in urban politics and planning.
Gentrification often increases the economic value of a neighborhood.
Gentrification can be controversial due to changing demographic composition and potential displacement of incumbent residents.
Gentrification is more likely when there is an undersupply of housing and rising home values in a metropolitan area.
The gentrification relates to increasing attraction to an area by people with higher incomes spilling over from neighboring cities, towns, or neighborhoods.
It results in increased investments in a community and the related infrastructure by real estate development businesses, local government, or community activists and hopefully results in economic development, increased attraction of business, and lower crime rates.
The concept of gentrification is for the transformation of neighborhoods from low value to high value.
Gentrification is a process by which central urban neighborhoods that have undergone disinvestments and economic decline experience a reversal, reinvestment, and the in-migration of a well-off middle- and upper-middle-class population.
Gentrification in the United States has led to a short-term reduction in crime in gentrifying neighborhoods.
There is little evidence for more long-term impacts and that gentrification in some cases widens crime-related disparities.
Gentrification leads to greater residential mobility.
Housing confers social status, and the changing norms that accompany gentrification translate to a changing social hierarchy.
Gentrification mixes people of different socioeconomic strata, thereby congregating a variety of expectations and social norms.
Gentrification brings in class distinction also has been shown to contribute to residential polarization by income, education, household composition, and race.
Gentrification conveys a social rise that brings new standards in consumption, particularly in the form of excess and superfluity, to the area that were not held by the pre-existing residents.
It can lead to conflict, which potentially serves to divide changing communities.
Often it has a larger social cost to the original residents of the gentrified area whose displacement is met with little concern from the gentry or the government.
Gentrification can strengthen and stabilize when there is a consensus about a community’s objectives.
Gentrifiers with an organized presence in deteriorated neighborhoods can demand and receive better:historic district designation for the neighborhood,
Gentry can exert a peer influence on neighbors to take action against crime, which can lead to even more price increases in changing neighborhoods when crime rates drop and optimism for the area’s future climbs.
Gentrification may be associated with the decline of distinctive local businesses and the rise of chains and franchises.
Rehabilitation movements have been largely successful at restoring the plentiful supply of old and deteriorated housing in inner cities.
This rehabilitation of the central city offers an intact infrastructure that should be taken advantage of: streets, public transportation, and other urban facilities.
Gentrification can be healthy resource for deprived communities who have previously been largely ignored.
Gentrification provides the political effectiveness needed to draw more government funding towards physical and social area improvements.
Gentrifiers expand the local tax base as well as support local shops and businesses, a large part of why the process is frequently alluded to in urban policies.
The decrease in vacancy rates and increase in property value can stabilize a previously struggling community, restoring interest in inner-city life as a residential option alongside the suburbs.
These changes can encouraging other forms of development of the area that promote general economic growth.
Home ownership is a significant variable of economic impact of gentrification.
Gentrification leads to job gains overall, but that there are job losses in proximate locations, but job gains further away.
School gentrification is characterized by: (i) increased numbers of middle-class families; (ii) material and physical upgrades (iii) forms of exclusion and/or the marginalization of low-income students and families and (iv) changes in school culture and climate.
Areas that undergo gentrification experience no aggregate academic benefit from the socioeconomic changes occurring around them, despite improvements in other public services such street repair, sanitation, policing, and firefighting., as white gentrifiers often do not enroll their children in local neighborhood public schools.
The expansion of school choice (e.g., charter schools, magnet schools, open enrollment policies) have been found to significantly increase the likelihood that college-educated white households gentrify low-income communities of color.
Gentrification has both detrimental and beneficial effects on health.
Gentrification has complex and mixed effects on health, often exacerbating inequalities while also offering some benefits.
Negative Health Impacts: Gentrification can increase mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and chronic stress due to displacement, housing instability, and loss of social networks.
Physical health issues such as obesity and asthma are also reported to be increased.
Vulnerable groups, including low-income residents and racial minorities, often face worsened health outcomes.
Gentrification alters social determinants like healthcare access, socioeconomic conditions, and walkability.
While some residents experience improvements in air quality and amenities, others face worsening access to healthcare and increased mobility to poorer environments.
Older adults and Black residents are particularly vulnerable to negative health outcomes in gentrifying areas.
Children may experience increased anxiety and depression in these neighborhoods.
Potential benefits of gentrification Improvements in neighborhood conditions, reduced crime rates, and better amenities can positively influence health for some residents who remain in gentrified areas.
Overall, gentrification often deepens health disparities, particularly for marginalized populations, despite some localized benefits.
Studies show adverse health impacts for Black residents and elderly residents in areas undergoing gentrification.
Growing up in gentrifying neighborhoods isassociated with moderate increases in being diagnosed with anxiety or depression between ages 9–11 relative to similar children raised in non-gentrifying areas.
The typical gentrifiers are affluent and have professional-level, service industry jobs, many of which involve self-employment.
Often they are single people or young couples without children who lack demand for good schools.
Gentrifiers are likely searching for inexpensive housing close to the workplace and often already reside in the inner city, sometimes for educational reasons, and do not want to make the move to suburbia.
For this demographic, gentrification is not so much the result of a return to the inner city but is more of a positive action to remain there.
The stereotypical gentrifiers also have shared consumer preferences and favor a largely consumerist culture, fueling the rapid expansion of trendy restaurant, shopping, and entertainment spheres that often accompany the gentrification process.
Wealthy, upper-class individuals and families have some responsibility in the causation of gentrification is due to their social mobility.
Wealthier families have more financial freedom to move into urban areas, oftentimes choosing to do so for their work.
In these urban areas the lower-income population is decreasing due to an increase in the elderly population as well as demographic change.
Research suggests another reason for the influx of upper-class individuals to urban areas is due to the increase in demand for college-educated workers.
The increasing number of highly educated women play into this theory, given that residence in the inner city can give women access to the well-paying jobs and networking, something that is becoming increasingly common.
It attracts single parents, specifically single mothers, to the inner-city as opposed to suburban areas where resources are more geographically spread out.
Inner city concentration increases the efficiency of commodities parents need by minimizing time constraints among multiple jobs, childcare, and markets.
There is a link of the proportion of employed artists to the rate of inner city gentrification across a number of U.S. cities.
Artists, writers, musicians, affluent college students, LGBT, political activists move in to a neighborhood for its affordability and tolerance.
Upper-middle-class professionals, often politically liberal are attracted by the vibrancy.
When wealthier people move in and real estate prices increase significantly, and at this stage, high prices have excluded traditional residents and most of the types of people who arrived in earlier stages.
Retail gentrification of local businesses change to serve the higher incomes and different tastes of the gentrifying population.
practically all historic gayborhoods have become less LGBTQ+ centric mainly due to the modern effects of gentrification.
The rising cost to live in gay neighborhoods and government use of eminent domain have displaced many LGBTQ+ people.
When the wealthy move into low-income working-class neighborhoods, the resulting class conflict sometimes involves vandalism and arson targeting the property of the gentrifiers.
Zoning ordinances and other urban planning tools can be used to recognize and support local business and industries.
Gentrification has led to urban revitalization, which promotes the economy of struggling cities.
With gentrification community clinics and local doctors’ offices may be displaced by higher-end medical facilities
New facilities often cater to higher-income residents with private insurance.
While quality of facilities might improve, accessibility often decreases for long-term residents
Local pharmacies may be replaced by chain stores with different pricing structures.
Traditional medicine shops or culturally-specific health resources may disappear
While new facilities might offer more services, costs often increase.
Transportation to health resources can become more challenging if residents are displaced to areas further from medical facilities
Loss of social networks and support systems as neighbors move away, with decreased sense of belonging and community identity.
Stress from changing neighborhood dynamics and cultural shifts can occur.
Anxiety about potential displacement may occur with gentrification.
Financial stress from rising rents and costs of living, housing instability, and fear of having to leave familiar surroundings and support systems.
Gentrification is associated with loss of cultural landmarks and gathering spaces, erosion of long-standing community traditions, decreased social cohesion and support networks.
Such stressors often interact with existing health conditions: Mental health impacts can worsen physical health outcomes, reduced access to mental health services.
Elderly residents often face severe impacts due to fixed incomes and disturbed established support networks.
Children may experience disrupted social connections and educational continuity