Both acute (single session) and chronic (regular) physical exercise can enhance memory function across all age groups.
Exercise boosts memory by promoting neurogenesis especially in brain regions like the hippocampus, which is vital for learning and memory.
The benefits of exercise on memory are seen in short-term, long-term, and working memory, with some studies showing greater effects for short-term and working memory.
Exercise may improve memory indirectly by enhancing mood, sleep, and reducing stress and anxiety, all of which support cognitive function.
Both aerobic and skill-based exercises can be beneficial, though open-skill activities may have a stronger effect on certain memory tasks, especially in children.
Timing of exercise matters: memory can be enhanced whether exercise occurs before or after learning new information.
The intensity of exercise can influence which memory tasks improve-lower intensity may benefit some types of memory, while higher intensity benefits others.
Exercise increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which supports neuron growth and synaptic plasticity, both crucial for memory formation and retention.
Regular physical exercise, especially aerobic and cognitively engaging activities, can significantly boost memory and cognitive function in both the short and long term, with benefits seen across the lifespan.