Consists of glandular endothelium and stroma that is completely renewed each month with the menstrual cycle.
Abnormalities lead to dysfunctional uterine bleeding, infertility, complications in pregnancy, miscarriage, endometriosis and malignancy.
Stem cells residing in basal layer differentiate to form the endometrium.
In postmenopausal women without symptoms and not on hormonal replacement therapy the prevalence of endometrial abnormalities is less than 1%.