Approximately 10% of individuals have malformations of the urinary tract.
20% of chronic renal insufficiency in children due to renal dysplasia and hypoplasia.
Polycystic kidney disease responsible for 10% of chronic renal failure.
Congenital malformations of the kidney and urinary tract contribute to 23% of birth defects.
Congenital malformations of the kidney and urinary tract account for 40-50% of pediatric cases and 7% of adult cases of end-stage renal disease worldwide.
Congenital malformations of the kidney and urinary tract are heterogenous and range from anatomical defects such as renal agenesis, renal hypodysplasia, ureteropelvic junction obstruction or vesicoureteral reflux.
HNF1B and PAX2 mutations detected in 5-10% of cases of congenital malformation of the kidney and urinary track.