The chloride ion is the anion negatively charged Cl−.
Chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar solvents.
Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often very soluble in water.
Chloride is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating fluid in and out of cells.
Less frequently, chloride terminology is used as part of the name of chemical compounds in which one or more chlorine atoms are covalently bonded: methyl chloride.
Related compounds:
Fluoride
Bromide
Iodide
A chloride ion is colorless and diamagnetic.
In aqueous solution, it is usually highly soluble.
Chloride can be oxidized but not reduced.
Oxidation employed in the chlor-alkali process, causes conversion to chlorine gas.
Chlorine can be further oxidized to hypochlorite, the active ingredient in chlorine bleach, chlorine dioxide, and perchlorate.
Chloride is a very weak base.
Ionic chloride salts reaction with other salts to exchange anions.
The presence of chloride is detected by its formation of an insoluble silver chloride upon treatment with silver ion.
The concentration of chloride can be determined using a chloridometer, which detects silver ions.
Chloride is found primarily in seawater, which contains 1.94% chloride.
Chloride is at higher concentrations in certain inland seas and in subt2242anean brine wells, such as the Great Salt Lake, Utah and the Dead Sea, Israel.
Most chloride salts are soluble in water.
Chloride-containing minerals are usually only found in abundance in dry climates or deep underground.
Chloride roles include regulation of osmotic pressure, electrolyte balance and acid-base homeostasis.
Chloride is the most abundant extracellular anion.
Chloride accounts for around one third of extracellular fluid tonicity.
Chloride is an essential electrolyte.
It plays a key role in maintaining cell homeostasis and transmitting action potentials in neurons.
Chloride is usually at a higher extracellular concentration.
Serum chloride concentration is regulated by the kidneys, and levels are mainly regulated through a variety of transporters that are present along the nephron.
It is a structural component of some proteins.
Chloride is one of the essential dietary minerals listed by its element name chlorine.
Most chloride, is filtered by the glomerulus.
Chloride is reabsorbed by both proximal and distal tubules, by both active and passive transport.
Sodium chloride ions tend to link to several cations and in seawater, significantly worsens corrosion of most metals; stainless steels, aluminum and high-alloyed materials.
Increased concentrations of chloride can contribute to the acidification of streams, mobilize radioactive soil metals by ion exchange, and pair reproduction of aquatic plants and animals.
Sodium chloride can change the composition of microbial species at relatively low concentrations.
Chloride can hinder the denitrification process, essential to nitrate removal and the conservation of water quality.
The chlor-alkali industry converts sodium chloride into chlorine and sodium hydroxide, which are used to make many other materials and chemicals.
Table salt, which is sodium chloride with the chemical formula NaCl.
Salts such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride have uses ranging from medical treatments to cement formation.
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is a salt that is marketed in pellet form for removing dampness from rooms, maintaining unpaved roads, for fortifying roadbases for new construction, as a de-icer
Covalently bonded chlorides are reactive chlorinating reagents that have been used in a laboratory.
Chloride is used in desalination, which involves the energy intensive removal of chloride salts to give potable water.
Chlorides are a constituent of the mud system, and may be an indication of drilling into a high-pressure saltwater formation.
Chloride is a chemical indicator of river/groundwater fecal contamination, as chloride is a non-reactive solute and ubiquitous to sewage & potable water.
Chloride is used to check the contamination levels of the rivers and potable water sources.
Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are used to preserve food and as nutrients or condiments.