A anti-PD-1 antibody.
Fully human anti-PD-L1 IgG1 antibody that inhibits PD-1/PD-L1 interactions while leaving PD-1/PD-L2 pathway intact.
Unlike other anti PD-1L1/PD-1 antibodies, it induces lysis of tumor cells via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in-vivo, suggesting an additional mechanism of action.
Trade name Bavencio.
Designation as treatment for patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) following progression on at least one prior chemotherapy regimen.
The designation for avelumab was based on preliminary findings from the phase II JAVELIN Merkel 200 study.
Frontline therapy consists of a platinum-based chemotherapy plus etoposide, which produces an initial response rate of approximately 50%, but most responses are not durable.
More than 90% of patients will progress on chemotherapy within 10 months on average, with approximately half of these events occurring within the first 3 months.
A fully human IgG1 antibody, acting as a PD-L1 inhibitor elicits a response from the innate immune system to induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
The efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in MCC may be related to the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV).
The Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) drives approximately 80% of cases.
MCPyV-specific T-cells are present in up to 67% of patients with MCC.
MCPyV-specific T-cells represents a PD-1+ and Tim-3+ exhausted T cell phenotype.
PD-L1 is expressed in about 55% of these tumors.
Inhibits PT-L1-PD-1 interactions but leaves the PD-L2-PD-1 pathway intact.
In contrast to other PT-L1-PD-1 drugs binding to the surface of tumor cells via PT-L1 has the potential to induce natural killer cell mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity of tumor cells, which may contribute to its clinical activity.
In the open-label phase II trial used patients with metastatic MCC who received ≥1 prior chemotherapy received intravenous avelumab at 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks.
in refractory patients with metastatic disease there was an 18.2% overall response rate with 11.4% complete remissions (Apolo A).
Can be used for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer this disease has progressed after platinum-based therapy.
Approved for patients with bladder cancer that is locally advanced or metastatic who have disease progression following a platinum containing chemotherapy, or who have disease progression within 12 month of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum containing chemotherapy.
Has clinical activity in unresectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancers.
Has antitumor activity in patients with progressive or treatment resistant NSCLC.
Dose 10 mg per kilogram as a one hour infusion every two weeks.
Axitinib combined with Avelumab resulted in a significantly longer progression free survival among patients with sunitinib for first line treatment of advanced renal cancer.
Adding the PD-L1 inhibitor avelumab (Bavencio) to standard chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced head and neck cancer failed to improve progression-free survival (PFS) in a randomized trial.