A beta-lactam antibiotic that is part of the aminopenicillin family and is roughly equivalent to its successor, amoxicillin in terms of spectrum and level of activity.
Routes are oral and intravenous.
Oral bioavailability is 40% and protein binding at 15 to 25%.
Metabolism rate12 to 50%.
Has a half-life approximately 1 hour and 75-85% renal excretion.
It is a relatively nontoxic agent and serious adverse reactions are encountered only rarely.
Rash may be seen when given to a patient with mononucleosis
Belongs to the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.
Differs from penicillin G, or benzylpenicillin by the presence of an amino group that helps the drug penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
Acts as an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase, which is needed by bacteria to make their cell walls.
Inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis leading to cell lysis.
Closely related to amoxicillin, and both are used to treat urinary tract infections, otitis media, H. influenzae infection, salmonellosis, and Listeria meningitis.
All Pseudomonas species and most strains of Klebsiella and Aerobacter are considered resistant.
Resistance to ampicillin is also seen in enterobacter, citrobacter, s2242atia, indole-positive proteus species, and other hospital-acquired gram negative infections.
Beta-lactamase enzyme is responsible for degrading ampicillin and related drugs.
Effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci, and has demonstrated activity against Gram-negative organisms such as H. influenzae, coliforms and Proteus spp.
Was the first of the broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Hypersensitivity drug rash when given to patients with CMV or EBV induced mononucleosis.